More accurately, that's the second person singular pronoun.
'Thou' corresponds to 'I/you/he/she'. (Nominative)
'Thee' corresponds to 'me/you/him/her'. (Accusative)
'Thy' corresponds to 'my/your/his/her'. (Possessive)
'Thine' -- 'mine/yours/his/hers'.
It's an archaic form, and its status was similar to the French vous/tu. At one time, it was the formal form, but became the familiar form around Shakespeare's time.
As for the archaic plural form...
Nominative / Accusative / Possessive
Ye (or you) / you / your, yours
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